Objectives for Chem 8

Students will be able to use the metric system (This means…)

• be able to use appropriate equipment to measure length to the nearest millimeter
• be able to use appropriate equipment to measure volume to the nearest milliliter/cubic centimeter (regular and irregular objects)
• be able to use appropriate equipment to measure mass to the nearest tenth of a gram
• be able to use appropriate equipment to measure temperature to the nearest degree Celsius
• be able to convert metric units from milli- to kilo-

Students will be able to define matter and describe its smallest parts

• Matter is anything that has mass and volume
• Matter is composed of atoms
• Atoms can combine to form molecules and/or compounds
• An element is one type of atom

Students will be able to describe atomic structure

• An atom is composed of a nucleus containing positively charged particles called protons and particles called neutrons
• An atom is composed of orbitals (shells, energy levels) containing negatively charged particles called electrons

Students will be able to explain the law of conservation of mass

• Matter cannot be created or destroyed (it may change into new state of matter)
• Mass of the products equals mass of the reactants

Students will be able to use the periodic table and understand its organization

• Atomic mass, number of protons/neutrons/electrons
• There are roughly 100 different types of elements of which a limited number make up all matter in the universe
• Organization of families, periods, groupings of elements
• Focus on the patterns of the first 18 elements

Students will be able to identify physical and chemical properties of matter

• Physical properties include density, melting point, boiling point, magnetism, conductivity, viscosity
• Chemical properties include reactivity, flammability

Students will be able to distinguish between a chemical and physical change in matter

• Chemical changes a substance into another substance possibly observed by production of a gas, change in temperature, new color change, forms a precipitate, produces an odor
• A physical change does not change the chemical makeup of the substance (i.e. breaking, tearing, dissolving) but can be a change in state (melting)

Students will be able to define and calculate density

• Density is a measurement of an objects' mass in a given volume.
• Density is calculated by dividing an objects' mass by its volume.

Students will be able to describe the kinetic theory of matter

• The kinetic theory of matter states that all matter is composed of atoms that are in constant motion
• Demonstrate diffusion of smell through the air, food coloring through water, dust particles in air

Students will understand the different phases of matter

• Different phases of matter have different relative motions and arrangement of atoms

Students will explain how matter changes phases

• Heat energy applied to or removed from matter causes a phase change
• Melting, evaporation, condensation, freezing, sublimation, deposition are all related to phase changes

Students will be able to explain the law of conservation of energy

• The law of conservation of energy states that energy is neither gained nor lost in a reaction